Graphic Era Deemed To Be University: All courses

Sensor Technology

Teacher: dr.bp mishra .
Teacher: PEYUSH PANDE

Transducers, Actuators and Display Devices

*Sr. No.*	*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering*
1.	*Subject Code*	*TEC 591*		*Course Title*		*Transducers, Actuators and Display Devices*
2.	*Contact Hours*	L	3		T	0	P		0
3.	*Examination Duration*	*Theory*		03		*Practical*		0
4.	*Relative Weight*	*CIE*	25		*MSE*	25	*ESE*		50
6.	*Credit*	03
6.	*Semester*	*Five*
7.	*Category of Course*	*DSC/PCC*
8.	*Pre-requisite*	*Basic Electronics Engineering (TEC 101/ TEC 201)*

9.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Recall the basic concepts of sensor’s characteristics and its

physical effect.

CO2: Understand the concepts of different transducers.

CO3: Apply the concepts in the designing of various MEMS actuators.

CO4: Analyse different optoelectronic devices.

CO5: Assess and evaluate different types of display systems.

CO6: Use transducers and optoelectronic devices for the development of electronic circuits.

10. Details of the Course

Sl.

No.

Contents

Contact

Hours

1.

Unit 1: Sensor Characteristics and Physical Effects:

Active and passive sensors, Static and dynamic characteristics, Accuracy, offset and linearity, Physical effects involved in signal transduction, Photo- electric effect, Photoluminescence, Electroluminescence, chemiluminescence effect, Hall effect, Thermoelectric effect, Piezoresistive effect, Piezoelectric effect, Pyroelectric effect, Magneto-mechanical effect (magnetostriction),

Magneto resistive effect.

10

2.

Unit 2: Transducers:

Conductometric and capacitive transducers, Interferometric optical transducer, Electrochemical transducer, PN diode-based transducer, Schottky diode-based transducer, BJT based transducers, FET based transducers, Cantilever-based transducers.

9

3.

Unit 3: MEMS Actuators and Sensors:

Electromechanical transducers: Piezoelectric transducers, Electro-strictive

transducers, Magneto-strictive transducers, Electrostatic actuators, Electromagnetic transducers, Electrodynamic transducers, Electrothermal

9

actuators, Micro sensing for MEMS: Piezoresistive sensing, Capacitive

sensing, Piezoelectric sensing.

4.

Unit 4: Optoelectronic Devices:

Solar radiation, Photovoltaic devices, PN homo junction solar cells, Antireflection coatings, Ideal conversion efficiency, Spectral response, I-V characteristics, Temperature and radiation effects, Heterojunction solar cells, Schottky barrier solar cell.

9

5.

Unit 5: Display Devices:

Characterization of displays, Drawbacks of cathode ray tube, Flat panel display: Electroluminescence displays, Plasma display, LED, LCD.

8

Total

45

11. Suggested Books

*SL.* *No.*	*Name of Authors/Books/Publishers*	*Edition*	*Year of Publication / Reprint*
	Textbooks
1.	Kourosh Kalantar – Zadeh, Benjamin Fry, “Nanotechnology- Enabled Sensors”, Springer Publication	1st	2008.
	Vijay K. Varadan, K. J. Vinoy and K. A. Jose, “RF MEMS & Their Applications”, John Wiley & Sons	1st	2003.
	Reference Books
1.	S. M. Sze, and K. K. Ng, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”, Wiley-Interscience	3rd	2006
2.	J. Wilson & JFB Hawkers, “Optoelectronics: An introduction”, PHI	3rd	1998

12.

Mode of

Evaluation

Test / Quiz / Assignment / Mid Term Exam / End Term Exam

Teacher: Varij Panwar

Control System (TEC 541)

GRAPHIC ERA (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), DEHRADUN

SEMESTER V

*Sr. No.*	*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering*
1.	*Subject Code*	*TEC 541*		*Course Title*		*Control Systems*
2.	*Contact Hours*	L	3		T	0	P		0
3.	*Examination Duration*	*Theory*		03		*Practical*		0
4.	*Relative Weight*	*CIE*	25		*MSE*	25	*SEE*		50
6.	*Credit*	03
6.	*Semester*	*Five*
7.	*Category of Course*	DE
8.	*Pre-requisite*	*Basic Electrical Engineering(TEE 101/201), Network Analysis and Synthesis(TEC 303)*

9.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Understand the block diagram, signal flow graph and mathematical modelling of physical system.

CO2: Understand the concepts of time domain analysis of first and second order systems.

CO3: Apply open and close loop pole zero concepts for stability of a systems by various analytical and graphical frequency response techniques.

CO4: Understand various compensation techniques through introduction of poles and zeros.

CO5: Evaluate controllability and observability by state space approach concepts.

CO6: Design controller for a given transfer function model.

10. Details of the Course

*Sl. No.*	*Contents*	*Contact Hours*
1.	*Unit 1:* *Control System Concepts and Classification:* Introduction to open loop and closed loop control systems, feedback control system components, Mathematical representation of physical systems, transfer function, poles, zeros and characteristic equation, Electrical and mechanical analogy, Block diagram algebra and signal flow graphs, Mason’s gain formula	8
2.	*Unit 2:* *Time Domain Analysis:* Standard test signals, Time response of first and second order systems, steady state and transient response characteristics, Performance indices. Error analysis: Static and dynamic Error coefficients, Response of Proportional, Proportional Integral and Proportional Integral Derivative controllers.	8
3.	*Unit 3:* *Concept of Stability:* Concept of stability, absolute and relative stability, Asymptotic and conditional stability, Routh Hurwitz criterion, Root locus technique (Concept and construction). *Frequency Response Analysis:* Correlation between time and frequency response, Polar and inverse polar plots, Nyquist stability criterion, Bode plots, gain crossover and phase crossover frequency, gain and phase margin	10
4.	*Unit 4:* *Design through Compensation Techniques* Advantages of incorporating compensation techniques, methods of compensation viz. series, feedback and load compensation, Effect of adding poles and zeroes to the system, Realization of lag, lead and lag-lead compensators using RC electrical networks, Design controller for given process transfer function model	8
5.	*Unit 5:* *State Variable Analysis:* Introduction, drawbacks of transfer function model approach, advantages of state space approach, State space representation of systems, State models of linear systems, State equations and its block diagram representation, Transfer matrices, Controllability and observability, Diagonalization, solution of state equations.	8
	*Total*	42

11. Suggested Books

*Sr. No.*	*Name of Authors/Books/Publishers*	*Edition*	*Year of Publication / Reprint*
	*Textbooks*
1.	Nagrath I. J. & Gopal M., “Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers	5^th	2007
2.	Manke. B. S., “Linear control systems”, Khanna Publishers	11^th	2012
	*Reference Books*
1.	Kuo B. C., “Automatic Control Systems”, PHI	7^th	2010
2.	Ogata K., “Modern Control Engineering”, PHI	5^th	2010
3.	Nise S. Norman., “Control Systems Engineering” Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.	5^th	2009

Teacher: VINAY KUMAR

Communication Systems II

GRAPHIC ERA (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), DEHRADUN

SEMESTER V

*Sr. No.*	*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering*
1.	*Subject Code*	*TEC 502*		*Course Title*		*Communication Systems II*
2.	*Contact Hours*	L	3		T	1	P		0
3.	*Examination Duration*	*Theory*		03		*Practical*		0
4.	*Relative Weight*	*CIE*	25		*MSE*	25	*SEE*		50
6.	*Credit*	04
6.	*Semester*	*Five*
7.	*Category of Course*	DC
8.	*Pre-requisite*	*Signals and Systems (TEC304), Communication Systems I (TEC 401)*

9.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Demonstrate the concepts of sampling, Quantization and various waveform coding schemes.

CO2: Analyse the effect of ISI and their mitigation.

CO3: Design and develop different digital modulation systems.

CO4: Describe the mathematical model of a digital modulation technique, characterize the effect of AWGN channel and determine its bit error rate performance.

CO5: Apply the concepts of information theory for digital communication systems.

CO6: Apply the concepts of digital communications for reliable communication with high data rate.

10. Details of the Course

*Sr. No.*	*Contents*	*Contact Hours*
1.	*Unit 1:* Sampling and Baseband Transmission: Model of digital communication system, Sampling of low pass and band pass signals, Distortion due to sampling, Uniform and non-uniform quantization, Quantization error, Companding (A law and µ law), Pulse code modulation, Differential PCM, delta modulation, and adaptive delta modulation, Linear prediction filters.	10
2.	*Unit 2:* *Digital Transmission through Band Limited AWGN Channels:* Representation of line codes – Properties and applications of line codes, Power spectral density of NRZ & RZ unipolar format, NRZ & RZ polar format, NRZ & RZ bipolar format, and Manchester format, Intersymbol interference, Nyquist criterion for Distortion-less baseband binary transmission, Raised cosine filter, Introduction to equalization techniques and Zero forcing equalizer.	9
3.	*Unit 3:* *Digital Modulation Techniques:* Representation of bandpass signals and systems, Gram Schmidt procedures, Representation of digitally modulated signals; Amplitude shift keying, Phase shift keying, Differential PSK, Quadrature PSK, Frequency shift keying, Minimum shift keying, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).	10
4.	*Unit 4:* Optimum Receivers for AWGN Channel: Model for received signal passed through an AWGN channel, Matched filter receiver and correlation receiver, Detector, Probability of error calculation for BASK, BPSK, QPSK, BFSK, and QAM.	8
5.	*Unit 5:* Information Theory and Error Control Coding: Information measure; Entropy and information rate, Discrete memory less source, Mutual information, Binary symmetric channel, Discrete channel capacity, Continuous information source, Continuous channel capacity, Source coding theorem, Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, Channel capacity theorem, Linear block codes, Coding Gain, Hamming codes, Convolution coding.	11
	*Total*	48

11. Suggested Books

*Sr. No.*	*Name of Authors/Books/Publishers*	*Edition*	*Year of Publication / Reprint*
	Textbooks
1.	J Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, India.	4^th	2001
2.	Herbert Taub and Donald L Schilling, “Principles of Communication Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill.	4^th	2012
3.	B. P. Lathi and Z. Ding, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, Oxford University Press	4^th	2009
	Reference Books
1.	John.G. Proakis, “Digital Communication”, Pearson Education, India.	5^th	2014
2.	Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, US.	2^nd	2016

Teacher: VINAY KUMAR

TEC 501 Digital Signal Processing

*Sr. No.*	*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering*
1.	*Subject Code*	*TEC 501*		*Course Title*		*Digital Signal Processing*
2.	*Contact Hours*	L	3		T	0	P		0
3.	*Examination Duration*	*Theory*		03		*Practical*		0
4.	*Relative Weight*	*CIE*	25		*MSE*	25	*ESE*		50
6.	*Credit*	03
6.	*Semester*	*Five*
7.	*Category of Course*	*DSC/PCC*
8.	*Pre-requisite*	*Signals and Systems (TEC304)*

9.

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Understand discrete time signals & systems and various transforms.

CO2: Analyse and evaluate the DFT and FFT algorithm.

CO3: Evaluate the implementation of digital filter structures.

CO4: Apply the design methods of IIR digital filter.

CO5: Analyse and apply design techniques of FIR digital filters.

CO6: Integrate the knowledge in designing of various digital signal processing-based systems.

Teacher: Prof. Shalini Singh

Microcontroller and Embedded systems

After completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Remember the concept of microcontroller.

CO2: Understand the concepts of embedded systems using 8051 and Arduino IDE.

CO3: Apply the concepts of interfacing of 8051 and Arduino to peripheral device, sensors and motors.

CO4: Examine the applications of 8051 microcontroller and Arduino as I/O, timer and counter.

CO5: Evaluate different tasks using assembly language programming for 8051 and C programming for Arduino.

CO6: Develop foundation for the designing of Advanced embedded systems.

Teacher: Vikas Rathi

Antenna and Wave Propagation

GRAPHIC ERA UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN

Fifth Semester (Session: 2025-2026)

Course Handout

Date: 01-07-2025

Course No. : TEC 504

Course Title : Antenna and Wave Propagation

Instructor-in-Charge : Dr. Anurag Vidyarthi

Vision of the Department

The Department visualizes itself to become leading centre of learning in the field of Electronics & Communication Engineering with academic excellence in research to produce self-motivated, creative and socially responsible engineers and specialists, ready to take up challenges of industrial development with ethics and societal commitment.

Mission of the Department

M1: To provide high quality contemporary education in the field of Electronics & Communication Engineering and professional ethics to its learners.

M2: To provide creative learning environment for the students to equip them with strong foundation for continuing higher education.

M3: To pursue research and develop insight knowledge of current and emerging technologies in Electronics & Communication Engineering to serve the needs of the society, industry and scientific community.

M4: To prepare students to have creative and innovative thinking to develop them into socially responsible professionals.

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO 1: To produce graduates who will exhibit an effective career in the Electronics and Communication Engineering by applying their skills and knowledge to create, develop, and execute creative solutions to real world challenges.

PEO 2: Graduates will showcase their leadership, collaboration, and communication abilities to thrive in many fields, such as academia, industry, and entrepreneurship with a dedication to ethical and sustainable methods.

PEO 3: Graduates will effectively pursue postgraduate study or research in Electronics and Communication, or multidisciplinary fields by engaging in lifelong learning and professional growth for adapting with technological changes.

PEO 4: Graduates will be able to use their abilities to solve global issues and will exhibit a sense of social responsibility through their work that advances technology and society.

Course Description

The course on Antenna and wave propagation is designed to provide the fundamentals of radiation theory, transmission and reception through antenna. The course is designed in a manner to provide the basis concept involved in antenna and its array along with the detailed analysis of fields through wire antenna. Concepts of modern antenna This course will enhance the concept of EM wave propagation in free space as well as in ionosphere and troposphere.

Course Outcomes

CO1: Understand the concept of radiation.

CO2: Compute fundamental parameters of antenna and different antenna characteristics.

CO3: Analyse uniform and non-uniform antenna array.

CO4: Evaluate fundamental parameters for designing of microstrip patch antenna.

CO5: Develop the concepts of wave propagation through free space.

CO6: Design antenna for different application.

Scope & Objective:

This course will the radiation mechanism of antenna and evaluate the electric field of a wire antenna. Various parameter of antenn such as directivity, gain, efficiency, beamwidth polarization, bandwidth will be covered in detail. Practical antenna such as microstrip antenna, parabolic antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Log-perodic antenna and several other will be taught. Design of antenna array will be discussed in detail. This course will also cover the line of sight wave propagation, tropospheric wave propagation and ionospheric wave propagation.

The objective of the course is to develop understanding of transmission and reception of signal through antenna at various frequencies. This course will also be helpful in designing antenna and antenna array at different frequencies.

Course Plane (Lecture):

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered	Reference Chap./Sec. (Book)
	Unit I
1.	Review of EMFT	R2
2.	Review of EMFT	R2
3.	Basics of radiation through antenna	TB1, R1
4.	Wave equation for given current source	TB1, R1
5.	Solution of wave equation	TB1, R1
6.	E and H field from Hertz dipole	TB1, R1
7.	Parameter of hertz dipole, Near and Far field	TB1, R1
8.	Radiated power from Hertz dipole	TB1, R1
9.	Antenna as a circuit element, Directional characteristic of antenna	TB1, R1
	Unit II
10.	Finite length of dipole	TB1, R1
11.	Radiation pattern of finite length dipole	TB1, R1
12.	Beamwidth, directivity, Antenna efficiency, antenna gain	TB1, R1
13.	Antenna as a receiver	TB1, R1
14.	Relationship between directivity and effective aperture	TB1, R1
15.	Friis Transmission Equation	TB1, R1
16.	Practical antenna at low frequency	TB1, R1
17.	Practical antenna at low frequency	TB1, R1
18.	Duality and reciprocity theorem,	TB1, R1
19.	Small loop antenna	TB1, R1
	Unit III
20.	Array of two element	TB1, R1
21.	N-element uniform array	TB1, R1
22.	N-element uniform array	TB1, R1
23.	Broad side, end fire and scanning array	TB1, R1
24.	Non-unifrom array	TB1, R1
25.	Binomial Array	TB1, R1
26.	Dopth-Chebyshev Array	TB1, R1
27.	Helical antenna (broadside)	TB1, R1
28.	Helical antenna (end fire)	TB1, R1

	Unit IV
29.	Cylindrical dipole and folded dipole	TB1, R1
30.	Yagi-Uda and Log-periodic array	TB1, R1
31.	Horn Antenna	TB1, R1
32.	Parabolic reflector	TB1, R1
33.	Aperture antenna, Field as a source of radiation	TB1, R1
34.	Babinet Principle	TB1, R1
35.	Basics of micrstrip antenna and feeding techniques	TB1, R1
36.	Analysis of Microstrip antenna with transmission line model	TB1
37.	Analysis of Microstrip antenna with cavity model	TB1
	Unit V
38.	LOS Wave propagation in Free Space	TB1
39.	Wave propagation in complex medium	TB2, R1
40.	Surface wave propagation	TB2, R1
41.	Structure of the ionosphere	TB2, R1
42.	Wave propagation through ionosphere	TB2, R1
43.	Determination of critical frequency	TB2, R1
44.	Tropospheric wave propagation	TB2, R1
45.	MUF, Fading, Super refraction	TB2, R1

Text Book(s):

TB1: C.A. Balanis, ‘Antenna Theory – Analysis and Design’, 3^rd Edision, Wiley, 2021.

TB2: A.R. Harish and M. Sachidananda, Murthy, ‘Antenna and Wave Propagation’, 1^st Edison, Oxford Higher Education, 2007.

Reference Book:

R1: J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and A.S. Ahmed, ‘Antenna and Wave Propagation’, 4^th Edison, Mc Graw Hill Education, 2019.

R2: M.N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics” 5^th Edison, Oxford, 2022.